Signalling is about making your intentions predictable to everyone around you, and this section sets out how and when to use indicators, brake lights, and the arm signals still listed in the Highway Code for situations where they might be needed, such as a bulb failure or communicating with a police officer directing traffic. It also touches on eye contact and positioning as informal but genuine forms of communication.
Theory test questions here usually focus on correct indicator timing and cancelling signals, and on recognising the traditional arm signals, which some learners assume have been removed but are still listed as valid.
Using indicators correctly
Signal in good time to give other road users a clear, early warning of your intended manoeuvre, but avoid signalling too early where it could be mistaken for a different junction or turning. Always cancel your indicator once the manoeuvre is complete, since a signal left on can mislead drivers waiting to emerge.
Arm signals
Arm signals are still listed in the Highway Code for use if your indicators or brake lights fail, or to reinforce a signal in bright sunlight where lights are hard to see. A straight arm out of the window signals a right turn, an arm rotating means slowing down or stopping, and other specific movements are given for left turns and slowing down.
- Right turn — arm extended straight out horizontally.
- Slowing down or stopping — arm moved up and down.
- These are for backup use, not routine signalling alongside working indicators.
Signals from other road users and officials
Police officers and other authorised people directing traffic use specific hand signals that must be obeyed even if they contradict a traffic light or sign, since a person's direction always takes priority in that situation. Getting these signals wrong is a common cause of confusion, so it's worth knowing the standard stop, go, and beckon gestures.
Non-verbal communication with other road users
Eye contact with a pedestrian or another driver can help confirm they've seen you, but it should never be relied on as a guarantee, since someone might glance at you without truly registering your intention. Positioning your vehicle clearly, for example by holding back rather than edging forward, communicates intent just as effectively as a signal.
Frequently asked questions
Are arm signals still valid under the Highway Code?
Yes, they're still listed for situations where your indicators or brake lights aren't working, or when a signal needs reinforcing in strong sunlight. They're not intended for everyday use alongside functioning lights.
What does it mean if a police officer signals for me to stop?
You must stop, and their signal overrides traffic lights or signs if there's a conflict between the two. Officers directing traffic always take priority over automated signals.
When should I cancel my indicator?
As soon as the manoeuvre it was signalling is complete, since leaving it on can mislead another driver waiting to pull out or change lanes. Modern self-cancelling indicators can sometimes need a manual nudge after a tight turn.
Can I rely on eye contact to know a pedestrian has seen me?
No, eye contact can help but should never be treated as certain confirmation, since someone might look in your direction without actually processing that you're there. Always be ready to stop regardless.
Why shouldn't I signal too early before a turn?
Because it can be mistaken for an earlier junction, misleading following traffic or pedestrians about your actual intentions. Signal at a point that clearly relates to the junction or manoeuvre you're about to make.